LEDFROMCHINA .COM     

We are a company with extensive experience in the field of specialized ilumination with LEDs. LEDs manufactured and LED SAVING distributers as electronic components and lighting products based on pre-assembled and integrated high-brightness LEDs. Additionally, on our website you will find useful information concerning basic notions concerning the LEDs, technical data, recommendations and calculation programs to create designs of various basic circuits with LEDs

LED SAVING First was the shift from the traditional light bulb low energy, it now seems that the LED SAVING technology, which we are so used to seeing in LED SAVING TV and display, at last comes to light bulbs for domestic use.Philips is the brand which has already launched its Master LED saving bulb that when using a standard cap is perfectly compatible with the equipment we install LED saving in our house. The useful life of each of these bulbs is about 45,000 hours, not heated, nor contain any gas or mercury. There are many advantages, such as consumption of only 7 W compared with more than 80 W, which can consume a traditional bulb, but the novelty is paid and switch to LED SAVING bulbs for the time you will cost 50 euros each, a price which seems too excessive. It will be a matter of making calculations, of thinking in their use we will give (highly recommended for businesses in which most of the day is the light on) or just wait for this type of bulbs is popularized and logically cheaper for LED SAVING.

Custom Search

LED SAVING TODAY IN THE WORLD OF ELECTRONICS

How many times have you been in a situation repairing an electrical circuit in a room with little light? Or just under a car, where your partner can barely get his torch to light thee. For the solution to these problems comes from the hand of Striker, a lantern-shaped LED SAVING magnetic ball. This ball is coated with 12 points in which there is placed a rare material called saving neodymium, very magnetic (in fact, is the most powerful and durable magnet is known) who will stay attached to any metal surface (and magnetic, which then drop me sermons that if gold is not magnetic and thus do not remain attached) and will provide you with light thanks to its high power LED SAVING.

Its price is € 6.30, which I think is a wonder in LED SAVING, since most of the flashlights cost about the same, and are not so cool as the Striker. While for some it is an art, other graffiti can ultimately pose a nuisance and a way to defile the walls of the city. It must have been thinking about it that the management decided to invent something that would respect the desire of drawing with spray but also the desire to keep the walls clean. And that shaped the Halo LED SAVING. It is a spray that instead of paint, LED SAVING emits light, and instead of writing on the walls, does it on the air. Thus, each graffiti art becomes ephemeral because there only lasts a moment, as can be seen, can linger in the memory of each one or in a photograph.

However, the brightness and LED SAVING grows, so does the whole apart from the heat of LED SAVING. Therefore, the company reached the chassis 10 to 119 mm in order to expand the area of radiation. In general, rates of color Ra-type natural white and warm white are about 70 and 80, successively. They both have a weight of 160 grams. Their life expectancy is 40,000 hours, as with the other LED SAVINGproducts.Its suggested retail price is about $ 101 (ie 9.135 yen in Japan) for both LED SAVING products. The price of LED SAVINGis comparatively high because of the particular frame used as a beginning production will be lower relative to previous models. "There is another market 8.7V LED SAVING bulb with total flux of 810lm," said the president of Toshiba Lighting & Technology, Sinichi Tsunekawa. "Therefore, it is not going to compare our products with others on the basis of prices.Efficient LED SAVING bulbs Competitive LED SAVING products from various China LED SAVING manufacturers and LED SAVING suppliers are listed below, please view them and select the most helpful info for you. Besides, we also provide you with LED SAVING related products such as Flexible LED saving Strip, LED saving Lamp, LED SAVING Display, SMD LED SAVING for your choice.

We invite you to surf through our web to find all you need about led lights.UPDATED LIST OF MOST POPULAR LED PRODUCTS ON THE WEB:

LED SAVING3mm ultra bright,LED SAVING 3mm ultra bright diffuse, LED SAVING4.8mm ultra bright strawhead,LED SAVING 5mm ultra bright, LED 5mm ultra bright 12V, LED 5mm ultra bright diffuse, LED 5mm radial beam, LED 5mm flashing ultra bright, LED 10mm 4-Chip-HighPower, LED 10mm 4-Chip-HP diffuse, LED 10mm 4-Chip-HP 12V, LED Rainbow / RGB, Superflux LED ultra bright. Superflux 3-Chip HighPower, Superflux 4-Chip HighPower, OSRAM Power LEDs, Cree Power LEDs, Luxeon Power LEDs, Prolight Power LEDs, WINGER Power LEDs, Power LED Accessoires, SMD LED 0603 series,SMD LED 0805 series, SMD LED 1206 series, SMD LED series PLCC2, LED Light Bars / Stripes, LED Wallwasher, RGB LED Technology Aluminium LED SAVINGTrack System, LED Power Controller, Constant Current Sources,LED Spots,HighPower P4/XR-E LED spots, LED Downlights, LED Accessories, Resistors - SMD 1206, Resistors - 0.25W-1W, Resistors - 2W-5W, LED Flashlights, LED SAVINGCar Bulbs - NEW, Soldering and Co.,LED Decoration, LED SAVING Specials We have an extensive list od suppliers of leds in China

www.ledfromchina.com and other Far East Countries, looking for distributors and final clients in Europe and America. Avoiding intermediation, we can all get better prices, by cutting costs and time of service.We have a technical department to advise on the implementation and use of our products in their application and, if necessary, design new lighting devices so as to suit their requirements.

Led technology and electronics basic saving tips.

The electronic components of electronic circuits often used include amplifiers and logic circuits with recent advances in LED technology. Electronics is the field of engineering and applied physics for the design and implementation of devices, usually electronic circuits, whose operation depends on the flow of electrons to the generation, transmission, reception, storage, among others. This information may be voice or music like a radio receiver, an image on a television screen, or numbers or other data in a computer or computers with a blue led.

Electronic circuits provide different functions to process this information, including amplification of weak signals to a level that can be used, to generate radio waves to extract information, such as the recovery of the sound signal of a wave radio (demodulation), the control, as in the case of introducing a sound signal to radio waves (modulation), and logical operations, such as electronic processes that take place on computers with bright led.
The introduction of vacuum tubes in the early twentieth century led to the rapid growth of modern electronics. With these devices made possible the manipulation of signals, which could not be done in the old telegraph and telephone circuits, or with the first transmitters using high-voltage sparks to generate radio waves. For example, with vacuum tubes could amplify radio signals and sound weak, and also potentially overlapping audio signals to radio waves. The development of a wide variety of tubes, designed for specialized functions, enabled the rapid development of radio communication technology prior to World War II, and the development of early computers, during the war and shortly afterwards in cree led.

Today, the transistor, invented in 1948, has almost completely replaced the vacuum tube in most applications. By incorporating a set of semiconductor materials and electrical contacts, the transistor allows the same functions as the vacuum tube, but at a cost, weight and lower power and greater reliability. The subsequent progress in semiconductor technology, attributable in part to the intensity of investigations associated with space exploration initiative led to the development in the 1970s, the integrated circuit. These devices can contain hundreds of thousands of transistors on a small piece of material, allowing the construction of complex electronic circuits such as microcomputers or microcomputers, audio and video equipment, and communications satellites display.

Electronic Components for led saving that come from China producers.

Electronic circuits consist of interconnected electronic components. These speakers are classified into two categories: active or passive. Among the liabilities include resistors, capacitors and inductors. The assets considered include batteries (or batteries), generators, vacuum tubes and transistors. Vacuum tubes led displays are offers and discounts at the best price in a vacuum tube is a glass capsule that is taken from the air, and carries within it a number of metal electrodes. A simple two-element tube (diode) consists of a cathode and an anode, the latter connected to the positive terminal of a power supply. The cathode (a small metal tube that is heated by a filament) releases electrons that migrate to it (a metal cylinder surrounding the cathode, also called plaque). If AC voltage is applied to the anode, electrons will flow only toward the anode during the positive half cycle, during the negative cycle of the AC voltage, the anode repels the electrons, preventing any current to pass through the tube. Diodes connected so that only allow the positive half cycles of an alternating current (AC) are called rectifier tubes and are used to convert alternating current to direct current (DC). By inserting a grid formed by a wire- spiral, between the cathode and the anode, and applying a negative voltage to the grid, you can control the flow of electrons. If the grid is negative, repels and only a small fraction of the electrons emitted from the cathode can reach the anode. This type of tube, called the triode can be used as an amplifier. Small voltage variations that occur on the grid, such as those generated by a radio signal or sound, can cause large variations in the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode and, consequently, in the circuitry connected to the anode everlight and flashlight.

Transistors of the latest modern technology of the transistors are made of semiconductors. These materials such as silicon or germanium, doped (s words, they have embedded small amounts of foreign matter in chemical reactions), so that there is an abundance or a lack of free electrons. In the first case, it is said that the n-type semiconductor, and the second which is of type p. Combining n-type material p-type may be a diode. When it connects to a battery so that the p-type material is positive and the negative-type material, electrons are repelled from the negative battery terminal and pass without hindrance, to the p region, which lacks Electron. With the battery reversed, the electrons reach the p material can pass only with great difficulty into the n material, which is full of free electrons, in which case the current is almost zero with flashlight that come from clearance led producers and suppliers from countries like China.

Grow leds, led batteries and other money saving tips.

The bipolar transistor was invented in 1948 to replace the vacuum tube triode. It consists of three layers of doped material, which form two pn junctions (bipolar) with PNP or NPN configurations. A union is connected to the battery to enable current flow (frontal negative bias, or bias) and the other is connected to a battery in the opposite direction (reverse bias). By varying the current in the union bias by the addition of a signal, the current of the reverse bias junction transistor will vary accordingly. The principle can be used to construct amplifiers in which a small signal applied to the junction of bias will cause a big change in the current of the junction reverse bias from a flashlight led. Another type of transistor is the field effect (FET, English acronym for Field-Effect Transistor), which operates on the principle of repulsion or attraction loads due to the superposition of an electric field. The current amplification is achieved in a manner similar to that used in the control grid of vacuum tube. The field-effect transistors operate more efficiently than bipolar, as it is possible to control a big sign with a very small amount of energy of a lantern. To purchase efficient light bulbs and efficient integrated circuits. Most chips are small chunks or chips of silicon, 2 to 4 mm2, on which transistors are made. Photolithography allows the designer to create hundreds of thousands of transistors on a single chip properly placing many regions n-type p. During manufacturing, these regions are interconnected through tiny wires, to produce specialized circuits complex. These are called monolithic integrated circuits because they are made on a single silicon crystal. The chips require much less space and power, and its manufacture is cheaper than an equivalent circuit composed of individual transistors including a grow led and a led battery.

Resistance market to wholesalers purchasing substantial savings. When you connect a battery to a conductive material, a certain amount of current flow through the material. This current depends on the battery voltage, the size of the sample and the conductivity of the material itself. The resistance is used to control the current in electronic circuits. They are made from mixtures of carbon, sheet metal or wire resistance, and have two connection cables. A variable resistance is called rheostats or potentiometers, with one arm and adjustable sliding contact, are often used to control the volume of radios and televisions with led display and led flashlight.

Capacitors blue and red lights in the capacitors are formed by two metal plates separated by an insulating material. If you connect a battery to both boards for a short time an electric current flow will accumulate in each of them. If you disconnect the battery, the capacitor retains the burden and stress associated with it. The rapidly changing voltages, including those caused by a sound signal or radio, generate more power flows to and from the plates, then, the capacitor acts as a conductor of alternating current. This effect can be used, for example, to separate an audio signal or a DC radio in order to connect the output of an amplifier stage at the entrance to the next high intensity led gu10.  Super high light reels get the greatest energy savings affordable. The coils (also called inducers) consists of a coiled thread. Passing a current through the coil around it creates a magnetic field that tends to resist sudden changes in the intensity of the current. Like a capacitor, a coil can be used to differentiate between fast and slowly changing signals (high and low frequencies). By using a coil in conjunction with a capacitor, the voltage of the coil reaches a maximum value at a specific frequency that depends on the capacitance and inductance. This principle is used in radio receivers to select a specific frequency by a variable capacitor led lamp or led lighting.

Sensing devices and transducers from led bright light in the measurement of mechanical parameters.

thermal, electrical and chemical is performed using devices called sensors and transducers. The sensor is sensitive to changes in the magnitude to be measured as a temperature, position, or a chemical concentration. The transducer converts these measurements into electrical signals, which can feed reading instruments, recording or control of the quantities measured. The sensors and transducers can operate in locations away from the observer and in environments unsuitable or impractical for humans seeking led power and led strip saving money when buying.

Some devices will act simultaneously as a sensor and transducer. A thermocouple consists of two junctions of dissimilar metals that generate a small voltage that depends on the differential term in the joints. The thermistor is a special heating element whose resistance value varies with temperature. A variable resistor can convert mechanical motion into electrical signal. To measure distances capacitors are used specially designed to detect light and are used photocells. To measure speed, acceleration or fluid flows are used to other devices. In most cases, the electrical signal is weak and should be amplified by an electronic circuit ledtronic and rechargable ledtech. 

Electronic circuits often used in light bulbs cheaper power supply circuits (Fuentes). Most electronic devices require DC voltages for operation. These tensions can be supplied by batteries or internal power supplies that convert alternating current, which can be obtained from the electrical network that reaches every home in regulated DC voltages. The first element of a DC power source is inside the transformer, which raises or lowers the input voltage to a level suitable for operation of the equipment. The transformer secondary function is to serve as mass insulation (ground) electrical device to reduce potential dangers of electrocution. Here lies a transformer rectifier, usually a diode. In the past, using vacuum diodes and a wide variety of different materials (crystals of germanium or cadmium sulfate) in low-power rectifiers used in electronic equipment. It is now used almost exclusively silicon rectifiers because of their low cost and high reliability led watt and lumiled or any other led source like nichia or sharp led.

Fluctuations and undulations superimposed on the rectified DC voltage (perceived as a ringing in the defective amplifiers) can be filtered by a capacitor. The larger the capacitor, the lower the level of voltage fluctuation. It is possible to achieve more precise control on the levels and fluctuations in voltage using a voltage regulator, which also ensures that the internal stresses are independent of fluctuations that may be in an electrical appliance. A simple voltage regulator that is often used as Zener diode is formed by a pn junction diode solid-state acts as an insulator to a predetermined voltage. Above that voltage, it becomes a driver who follows the excesses of tension. In general, the more sophisticated voltage regulators are constructed as integrated circuits for a led lamp or a led rgp with a led torch.

The best and most cost-saving led circuit amplifiers are electronic.

amplifiers are used primarily to increase the voltage, current or power of a signal. Linear amplifiers increase the signal without distorting (or minimal distortion) so that the output is proportional to the input. Nonlinear amplifiers will generate a significant change in the waveform of the signal. Linear amplifiers are used for audio and video signals, while the non-linear oscillators are used, power electronic devices, modulators, mixers, logic circuits and other applications that require a reduction in amplitude. Although vacuum tubes were very important in amplifiers, today commonly used discrete transistor circuits or integrated circuits that can save money and energy and lowest price with a superflux and superbright white led.

Amplifiers. The sound amplifiers, commonly used in radios, televisions and tape recorders, often operate at frequencies between 2 and 20 kiloherz (1 kHz = 1000 cycles per second). Amplify the electric signal, then sound becomes a speaker. Operational amplifiers embedded in integrated circuits and linear amplifiers formed by multiphase dc-coupled, are very popular as audio amplifiers. Video amplifiers. The video amplifiers are primarily used for signals with a frequency range up to 6 megahertz (1 MHz = 1 million cycles per second). The signal generated by the amplifier becomes the visual information such as that shown on the television screen, and the signal amplitude regulates the brightness of the points that form the image. To perform this function, a video amplifier must operate in a broadband and equally amplify all signals with low distortion from rechargeable red led and optek sunled.

RF Amplifiers: These amplifiers increase the signal strength of radio communications systems or television. Usually, their frequencies range from 100 kHz to 1 gigaherz (1 GHz = 1000 million cycles per second), and can even microwave frequency range oscillators. The oscillators consist of an amplifier and some kind of feedback: the output signal leads back to the amplifier input. The determinants of the frequency can be an inductance-capacitance circuit or a crystal tuned vibrator leds t1 3 4. The crystal controlled oscillators offer greater accuracy and stability. The oscillators are used to produce sound signals and radio in a wide variety of applications. For example, simple radio frequency oscillators are used in modern telephones to transmit key data to the central telephone station to dial a number. The audio tones generated by the oscillators are also found in alarm clocks, radios, electronic instruments, computers and alarm systems. High frequency oscillators are used in communications equipment to control the functions of tuning and signal detection. The radio and TV use high-frequency oscillators and high precision to generate the airwaves for budget  led flex ribbon.

Logic Circuits energy saving light domestic consumption. The switching and timing circuits, or logic circuits form the basis of any device which will have to select or combine signals in a controlled manner. Areas of application of these types of circuits may be mentioned the telephone switching, satellite transmissions and the operation of digital computers. The digital logic is a rational process to take simple decisions of 'true' or 'false' based on the rules of Boolean algebra. The true state is represented by a 1 and false by 0, and logic circuits these numerals appear as signals of two different voltages. Logic circuits are used to make specific decisions of "true-false 'on the basis of the presence of multiple signals" true-false' at the entrances. The signals can be generated by mechanical switches or solid state transducers. The input signal, once accepted and conditioned (to eliminate unwanted electrical signals or noise), is processed by digital logic circuits called ledtronics and also from leuchtdiode or leuchtdioden allow to buy leds at clearance.

The various families of digital logic devices, usually integrated circuits, perform a variety of logic functions through calls logic gates such as OR gates, AND, NOT and combinations thereof (such as 'NOR', which includes OR and NOT). Another widely used logic family is transistor-transistor logic. It is also used logic complementary metal oxide semiconductor, which performs functions similar to very low power levels but slightly lower operating speeds. There are also many other varieties of logic circuits, including the now obsolete resistor-transistor logic and emitter coupled logic, used for very high speed systems with ledtech torches from producers. The building blocks of a logical device called digital logic gates. An AND gate (AND) has two or more inputs and one output. The output of an AND gate is true only if all inputs are true. An OR gate (OR) has two or more inputs and one output. The output of an OR gate is true if either input is true, and false if all inputs are false. An inverter gate (INVERTER) is a single input and single output, and can convert a real signal in false, thus making the function negation (NOT). Based on the basic gates can be built more complicated logic circuits, among which may be mentioned bistable circuits (also called flip-flops, which are binary switches), counters, comparators, adders and more complex combinations of light sources. In general, to perform a certain function is necessary to connect large numbers of logic elements in complex circuits. In some cases using microprocessors to perform many of the functions of switching and timing of individual logic elements. The processors are specifically programmed with individual instructions to perform a certain task or tasks. One of the advantages of microprocessors is that they allow different logic functions depending on programming instructions stored. The disadvantage of microprocessors is that they usually operate in a sequential manner, which might be too slow for some applications. In such cases, use specially designed logic circuits by lumiled with led saving money.

Recent advances in lighting technology and LED bulbs.

The development of integrated circuits has revolutionized the fields of communications, information management and information technology. Integrated circuits have reduced the size of the devices with the consequent lower manufacturing costs and maintenance of systems. At the same time, offer greater speed and reliability. Digital watches, laptop computers and electronic games are microprocessor-based systems. Another important development is the digitization of audio signals, a process in which the frequency and amplitude of a sound signal is encoded digitally using appropriate sampling techniques, ie techniques to measure the amplitude of the signal at very short intervals . The digitally recorded music, such as compact discs, is characterized by a fidelity that could not be achieved with direct recording methods. The medical electronics to come up with systems that can further differentiate human body organs. They have also developed devices that allow viewing the blood vessels and respiratory system. HD also promises to replace many photographic processes by eliminating the need for silver had led watt ranges of light sources. Current research aimed at increasing speed and capacity of computers is mainly focused on improving the technology of integrated circuits and components in the development of even faster switching. They have built large scale integrated circuits containing hundreds of thousands of components on a single chip. They have come to make computers that reach very high speeds at which semiconductor circuits are replaced by using superconducting Josephson junctions and operating at temperatures near absolute zero regarding electronics.

LEDs are diodes that emit light when connected to a circuit. Its use is often used as "pilot" lights in electronic appliances to indicate whether the circuit is closed. The elements are clear or colored components, a resin-epoxy material with an appropriate form and includes the heart of a LED semiconductor chip. The terminals extend below the housing of the LED or bulb and indicate how they should be connected to the circuit. The downside is indicated in two ways: 1) by the flat face of the outbreak or, 2) the least length. The negative terminal should be connected to the negative terminal of a circuit. The LEDs operate at a relatively low voltage, 1 to 4 volts, and power is in the range between 10 and 40 milliamperes. Voltages and currents substantially above these values can melt a LED chip. The most important part of the "light emitting diode (LED) semiconductor chip is located in the center of focus, as shown in Fig. t1 3 4  The chip has two regions separated by a junction. The p region is dominated by positive charges, and n the negative. The junction acts as a barrier to the flow of electrons between the p and n region, only when sufficient voltage is applied to the chip can pass the current, then the electrons can cross the junction into the p region If the potential difference between terminals of the LED is not enough, the junction presents an electrical barrier to the flow of electrons at superbright white led.

WHAT CAUSES THE ISSUANCE OF AN LED LIGHT AND WHAT DETERMINES THE COLOR OF LIGHT?

When applied to an LED chip ddp electrons can move easily in only one direction through the junction between p and n. In the p region there are many positive and few negative charges. In contrast, in the n region is more negative than positive charges. When voltage is applied and current begins to flow, electrons in the n region have sufficient energy to cross the junction into the p region Once there, the electrons are immediately attracted to the positive charges, according to Coulomb's law, which says that opposite forces attract. When an electron moves close enough to a positive charge in the p region, the two charges recombine for a led battery for smd led.

Each time an electron recombines with a positive electric charge, electric potential energy is converted into electromagnetic energy. For each of these recombination a quantum of electromagnetic energy is emitted as a photon of light with a frequency that depends on the semiconductor material. The photons are emitted in a narrow frequency range that depends on the material of the chip, the color of light varies according to the semiconductor materials and require different dap to light them like sunled do.

How much energy can we save with  LED FREE ONE?

The electrical energy is proportional to the dap is needed to cause electrons to flow through the pn junction. They are predominantly of one color of light. The energy (E) of the light emitted by an LED is related to the electric charge (q) of an electron, and the voltage (v) required for the ignition is given by the expression E = qx V. This expression simply says that the voltage is proportional to the electric power and is a general rule that applies to any circuit, as the LED. The constant q is the electric charge of a single electron: - 1.6 x 10 exp -19 Coulomb. FINDING THE ENERGY FROM THE VOLTAGE Suppose you measured the voltage across the LED leads, and you want to find the energy needed to light the LED. Say you have a red LED and the ddp between terminals is 1.71 volts, the energy required to turn the LED is E = qx V or E = -1.6 x 10 exp -19. 1.71 Joule, since Coulomb / Volt is a Joule. The multiplication of these numbers give us E = 2.74 x 10 -19 Joule exp. T1 3 4

FINDING THE RATE FROM THE WAVE LENGTH OF LIGHT The frequency of light is related to the wavelength of light in a very simple. The spectrometer can be used to examine the light of an LED, and to estimate the peak wavelength emitted by the LED. But we prefer to have the frequency of the peak intensity of the light emitted by the LED. The wavelength is related to the frequency of light by the formula F = c /, where c is the speed of light and the wavelength of light read from the spectrometer (in units of nanometers, ie , one millionth of a millimeter). Suppose we observed a red LED with the spectrometer and saw that the LED emits a range in colors with maximum intensity according to wavelength viewed in the spectrometer of = 660 nm. The frequency corresponding to the emission of the red LED is 4.55 x 10 exp 14 Hertz. The unit of one cycle of a wave in one second (cycles per second) is a Hertz and also led watts.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON LEDs

Most of the characteristics of the LED s are specified for a current of 20 mA, if one is not assured of 20 mA in the function of the heat conductivity of the plate plus the heat of the LED, heat and power variations, it is all designed to 15 mA. * How to achieve 15 mA through the LED: First you need to know the voltage drop across the LED. It can be assumed with sufficient certainty to 1.7 V not very bright red, 1.9 V for high brightness, high efficiency and low current red and orange and yellow to 2V, 2.1 V for green, 3.4 V white to bright yellow and bright green without most of the blue, bright blue 4.6 V for 430 nm. It is generally designed for 12 mA for rates of 3.4 V and 10 mA for 430 nm blue led.  You can design a source that delivers more power if you are sure of an excellent heat dissipation in the set. In this case assign the 25 mA LED of about 2V, 18 mA for 3.4 V and 15 mA for 430 nm blue. Under optimum conditions of heat dissipation can be circulated a higher current, but the life of the LED is reduced to 50% of normal: 20.000 to 100.000 hours. For voltage should be somewhat higher than those assigned to the LED s. Use at least 3 V for low voltage, 4.5 V to 3.4 V and 6 V for 430 nm blue ledstrip.

The next step is to subtract the voltage of the LED source s, this gives the voltage drop is achieved through a resistance. Eg 3, 4 V with a power LED 6 V. doing the subtraction gives 2.6 V drop that must be produced by the resistance. The next step is to divide the voltage drop across the LED current, thus obtaining the value of the resistance by dividing V / A gives a resistance value in ohms. If we divide V / mA the resistance is obtained in K ohms. Another step is to determine the power of resistance. Multiply the voltage drop across the LED current for the power of resistance. S Do not place the LED in parallel with one another, although this works is not reliable because the LEDs become more conductive s with increasing temperature, which becomes unstable current distribution. Each LED should have its own resistance. ABSTRACT: The starting voltage of an LED color depends on which issue, taking into account the materials that are made, which are chosen according to color like those used in led christmaslights. PHOTODIODE: photodiodes are working with an initial tension in the direction of locking, also called: 照明 輝度 電球 led´s